Leptospirosis Disease

03 Nov

Posted by admin as Diseases, Infection

Leptospirosis is zoonosis disease that be caused by bacterial with spiral shaping from Leptospira genus that pathogen, its attack animal and human. Leptospirosis also be named: Weil’s Disease, Canicola Fever, Hemorrhagic Jaundice, Trench Fever, Swineherd’s Disease, Mud Fever, Rice Field Fever, Flood Fever.
Spreading sources:
The animals those became spreading sources of this disease are rodent, hog, cow, goat, sheep, horse, dog, cat, insect, bird, insectivore, and fox.

Incubation periods:
Incubation periods of Leptospirosis between 4 - 19 days, average 10 days. Direct spreading from human to human seldom happened.

Spreading methods:
The human be infected by Leptospira pass through contact with water, soil, mud, plant that had dirty by urine of animals those suffer Leptospirosis disease. Leptospira bacterial enter to body pass through mucosa of eyes, nose, or scratch of skin and sometime via gastrointestinal tract with food which be contaminated by urine of mouse that be infected by Leptospira.

Risk Factors:
Walking on overflow place or on stopped water
Living on overflow area
Bad personal hygiene
High mouse population
Water sports
Water channel cleaner

Clinical Symptoms:
The Clinical symptoms of Leptospirosis disease include as:
Anicteric Leptospirosis or leptospiremia phase, during 3 - 7 days with symptoms are high fever, headache, muscles pain, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, conjunctiva suffusion.
Immune phase, during 3 - 30 days with symptoms are mild fever, headache, vomiting, and meningitis aseptic.
Icteric leptospirosis or overlapping of leptospirosis and immune phase, with symptoms are fever, headache, muscles pain, jaundice, renal failure, hypotension, bleeding manifestation, hemorrhagic pneumonitis, and increase of leucocytes.

Therapy:
Giving Benzyl (Crystal) Penicillin injection will effective if be given early at 4 - 5 days since begin sick or before occur jaundice, by dosages 6 - 8 mega unit via intra vena step by step during 5 - 7 days.
Other of above method, combination of crystalline and procaine penicillin by the same quantity can be given every day by dosages administration 4 - 5 mega unit intra muscular. In parts of dosages can be given after the fever go down, it usually be given during for 5 - 6 days. Procaine penicillin 1, 5 mega unit intra muscular can be given continuously during for two days after albumin urine be happened.
For the sufferers whose allergy of penicillin can be given Tetracycline or Erythromycin. But both of these antibiotics are less effective than penicillin. The contraindications of tetracycline are patient with renal failure, babies or children and pregnancy. Tetracycline can be given quickly by dosages 2.500 mg every eight hours intra muscular or intra vena during 24 hours, then 250 - 500 mg every six hours per oral during six days. Erythromycin be given by dosages 250 mg every six hours during five days.
Ampicillin or Amoxycillin oral by dosages four time 500 mg per day during 7-10 days.
Doxycycline, dosages twice 100 mg per day by oral, be given during 7-10 days.
Cephalosporin, Cyprofloxacine, and others.

Tackling efforts of Leptospirosis are as below: